西夏“踏歌舞”源流考

A Research on the Origin of Tangut's“Tage”

"踏歌舞"是中国历史上很多民族喜闻乐见的一种舞蹈,其中也包括建立西夏王朝的党项羌人。新石器时期青海大通县、宗日马家窑文化遗址出土的舞蹈彩盆以及宁夏贺兰山岩画上舞者联袂顿足踏地而舞的形象可以看作西夏"踏歌舞"的原始来源。五代时期史料所载"连袂歌呼"以及西夏唐卡《水月观音》中舞者面向观音展臂而舞的形象表明西夏时代踏歌舞是盛行的。今羌族民众于党项故地所跳"锅庄舞""洒朗舞"应该与西夏"踏歌舞"有着密切的关系。

＂Tage＂ was ever popularized by a lot of minorities in the Chinese history, such as Tangut which set up the kingdom of Xixia. During the period of New Stone Age, the image of ＂Tage＂ dancer on the rock painting of Mount. Helan in Ningxia and on the colorful ceramic pots which were found in the site of Zongri＇s Majiayao culture and Datong county in Qinghai Province could be regarded as the origin of Tangut＇s ＂Tage＂. Depicted from Tangut＇s wooden picture ＂ Water and Moon Kuan-Yin＂ and the historical data ＂stepping dance with singing songs loudly＂, we may easily catch the image of dancer who was facing Kuan- Yin and stretching his arms. All these images proves that ＂Tage＂ had been popular in Xixia. Nowdays, ＂Salang＂dance and ＂Guozhuang＂dance of Qiang people which performed on Xixia＇s homeland may have a close relationship with Tangut＇s ＂Tage＂.