创伤后果在个体层面和集体层面的影响

Effects of Trauma Consequences in the Individual Level and Collective Level

创伤研究可以分为临床和文化两个路径,临床路径会聚焦于个体位置,探讨创伤对个体的影响,文化路径会更关注创伤在集体层面的影响,倾向于从非实体的角度来理解创伤,认为创伤是一个被建构的结果,受到诸多因素的影响。创伤由于其强度和时间,导致了个体的破碎和凝滞。创伤恢复意味着重建身份,重建自我认同,但当代社会往往没有一致的共识,因此处理集体创伤要比个体创伤更为困难,其中还会涉及到研究者的伦理位置。

Trauma research can be divided into clinical and cultural path. Clinical path focuses on the individual position and explores the effects of trauma. Culture path takes more concerns on the impacts of trauma in collective level, which is inclined to understand trauma from the unsubstantial perspective, regarding trauma as a result of the construction influenced by many factors. Due to its intensity and duration, trauma is resulting in crushing and stagnates. Trauma recovery implies identity reconstruction, which does not have the contemporary social consensus. Therefore, the recover process of collective trauma is more difficult than the individual trauma, which also involves researchers＇ ethical positions.