器官捐献推定同意原则在我国的境遇研究

Situation Study on Presumed Consent of Organ Donation in China

器官捐献推定同意原则为一些国家立法承认,但在实施中尚存在伦理、法律等争议。该原则在我国的实施既存在逻辑原点方面的认识误区,也存在难以保障有效的知情同意、缺乏良好的信任环境和器官捐献公众平台建设滞后等困难。实行器官捐献推定同意应以维护人的自由平等为前提,以尊重人的自主自愿为基础,以保障愿意捐献器官的人能够实现合理合法捐献愿望为目的。同时,还需要具备存在同意的极大可能性等法律要件和充分的知情同意宣传教育,广泛的公众参与,良好的社会信用体系,方便易行的退出机制以及公正的器官分配体系等伦理条件。

The principle of presumed consent has been legislated in some countries, but which also has some ethical and legal controversies in practice. There are some difficulties in the implementation of presumed consent in China, such as the misunderstandings of the logical origin of the principle, the poor protection of valid consent, the lack of trust and the lag of public platforms constructing in organ donation, etc. Presumed consent implementing in organ donation should base on freedom, equality of person and the respect of individual autonomy and voluntary, which can ensure reasonable and lawful organ donation. Meanwhile, it also needs many legal requirements in the maximal possibility of agreement and other ethical prerequisites, such as the sufficient informed consent, the extensive public participation, the good social credit system, the convenient mechanism to exit and fair allocation system.