簇中微气候对天然彩茧家蚕品种茧丝质的影响

Effects of Microclimate in Mounting on Cocoon and Silk Quality of Natural-color-cocoon Silkworm Variety Shuhuang No.1

研究了不同微气候条件对天然彩色茧品种"蜀黄1号"蚕茧质量和茧丝质量的影响。结果表明:随温度升高、湿度加大和通风不良,普通茧率、全茧量、茧层量、茧层率等茧质指标均下降;鲜茧出丝率、纤度和净度受簇中微环境影响较小;高湿、高热叠加使粒茧丝长急剧变短;解舒率随温度升高、湿度加大和通风不良而明显降低。适合于"蜀黄1号"的最佳簇中环境为温度24℃、相对湿度70%、自然通风。在此条件下重要质量指标均达到最佳:普茧率95.12%,茧层量0.432 g,茧层率22.62%,粒茧丝长1154 m,解舒率79.24%,鲜茧出丝率18.46%。

The effects of different microclimate conditions on the cocoon quality and silk quality of natural-color-cocoon silkworm variety Shuhuang No. 1 were studied. The results indicated that： along with temperature increasing,humidity rising,and airflow losing,the cocoon quality indexes,such as reelable cocoon rate,whole cocoon weight,cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell rate,all declined. The raw silk percentage of fresh cocoon,silk size and neatness were influenced slightly by the microclimate in mounting. The simultaneous high temperature and heavy humidity sharply shortened cocoon filament length. The unwinding rate decreased obviously under the conditions of high temperature,heavy humidity and poor ventilation. The best microclimate conditions in mounting for Shuhuang No. 1 were temperature 24 ℃,relative humidity 70% and natural ventilation. Under these conditions,the following important quality indexes all reached the optimum value： reelable cocoon rate 95. 12%,cocoon shell weight 0.432 g,cocoon shell rate 22.62%,cocoon filament length 1154 m,unwinding rate 79.24%,and raw silk percentage of fresh cocoon 18.46%.