医务人员锐器伤相关因素调查与防护对策

Investigation of relevant factors of sharp instrument injuries in medical personnel and protection countermeasure

目的了解临床医务人员锐器伤发生的危险因素,分析造成锐器伤的原因,探讨相应的防护对策,降低锐器伤发生率。方法回顾性调查分析2013年2月1日-2014年1月31日160例医务人员锐器伤发生的原因、锐器种类、操作环节等因素。结果 160例医务人员锐器伤中,临床护士锐器伤发生率最高,其次为实习生,分别占38.13%和34.38%;造成锐器伤的器具主要为头皮钢针和一次性注射器,其次为手术缝针;锐器伤主要发生于拔动静脉针、手术缝合和医疗废物处置等操作过程中,致伤环节在不同职业类别人员中也有所差别;医务人员锐器伤发生频率最高的科室为普通病房、手术室、急诊;160例医务人员锐器伤中,暴露源为乙型肝炎病毒携带者88例,占55.00%。结论锐器伤发生率在该院仍处于较高水平,锐器伤发生后,阳性血源性病原体的暴露率比较高,医务人员面临着较大的健康威胁。

OBJECTIVE To survey the risk factors and the reasons of sharp instrument injuries in medical person- nel, discuss the protection countermeasure, so as to reduce the occurrence of sharp instrument injures. METHODS According to the report of 160 cases of sharp instrument injures from Feb. lst,2013 to Jan. 31st,2014, the retro- spective investigation was conducted about the reasons, types of sharp injuries and operation conditions. RESULTS The 160 cases of medical personnel who suffered the sharp instrument injuries mostly were the nurses （38.13 %） and the interns （34.38 %）. The main medical instruments of sharp instrument injures were scalp steel, disposable syringe and surgical suture needle. It was frequently occurred during withdraw needle, suturing and disposing medical waste intravenous. The main departments which occurred sharp instrument injuries were the ordinary ward, the operating room and the emergency department. Among 160 cases of sharp instrument injuries, 88 cases of exposure source were HBV carriers, accounting for 55.0 %. CONCLUSION The incidence of sharp instrument injuries in the hospital is still high, and the exposure rate of positive hematogenous pathogens is high, so the medi- cal personnel face great health threat.