2012-2015年手术室医务人员职业暴露情况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of incidence of occupational exposure among health care workers of operating rooms from 2012 to 2015

目的探讨手术室医务人员职业暴露发生情况,分析影响因素,为手术相关人员采取有效防护措施提供参考依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对2012年1月-2015年12月57名某医院连续4年手术室医务人员职业暴露情况及其影响因素进行调查与分析。结果发生职业暴露的医务人员中,手术医师占52.63%;护士占42.11%;麻醉师占5.26%。职业暴露方式以锐器伤为主,占92.98%;职业暴露血源性病原体居首位的是HBV,构成比占73.68%;暴露时的关联操作占首位的为术中缝合,构成比为54.39%;暴露的部位主要为手部,占91.23%。对发生职业暴露57例医务人员进行跟踪随访3~6个月,均未发生相关病原因子感染病例。结论手术室医务人员职业暴露发生率高,标准预防有待加强,应健全手术室职业安全教育制度及培训,提升预防职业危害的能力,改变错误行为习惯,从而降低手术相关人员因职业暴露所带来的危害。

OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of occupational exposure among health care workers of operating rooms and analyze the influencing factors so as to take effective protective measures. METHODS By means of retro- spective survey, the incidence of occupational exposure among 57 health care workers of operating rooms and the influencing factors were investigated and analyzed in 4 conseCutiVe＇：years from Jan 2012 to Dec 2015. RESULTS A- mong the health care workers who had the occupational exposure, the ：surgeOns accounted for 52.63 %, the nurses accounted for 42.11%, and the anesthesiologists accounted for 5.26%. The sharp instrumenf injury was dominant among the occupational exposure mode, accounting for 92.98%. The HBV ranked the first place among the occu- pational exposure blood-borne pathogen, accounting for 73.68%. The intraoperative suture ranked the first place among the associated procedures, accounting for 54.39%. The hand was the major exposed site, accounting for 91.23 %. The tracking follow-up was conducted for the 57 health care workers who had the occupational exposure for 3-5 months, and the result showed that the pathogenic factor-related infection did not occur. CONCLUSION The incidence of occupational exposure is high among the health care workers of operating rooms, and the standard prevention needs to be strengthened. It is necessary to make the operating room occupational safety education sys- tem and training sound, promote the ability of prevention of occupational hazard, and correct behavioral habits so as to reduce the hazards induced by the occupational exposures in the operating room health care workers.