IPBES框架下的全球传粉评估及我国对策

Assessment of pollination and China's implementation strategies within the IPBES framework

作为重要的生态系统服务之一,传粉与粮食生产和食品安全密切相关。传粉者的下降直接影响人类的福祉,因此近年来受到全球各界的广泛关注。基于此,生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学–政策平台(Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,IPBES)将"传粉者、传粉和粮食生产评估"列为2014–2018年工作方案中最优先开展的快速评估。其"决策者摘要"已在IPBES第四届全体会议上获得通过。本文以IPBES框架为背景,介绍了该评估专题的由来和评估报告的主要内容。IPBES评估报告强调了传粉和传粉者在生态系统中的重要价值,分析了传粉和传粉者的现状与濒危趋势,通过案例详细介绍了全球传粉者面临的威胁、驱动因素和缓解措施等。本文同时探讨了该评估与其他进程的关系及可能产生的影响,IPBES不仅是千年生态系统评估(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment)的后续,它同时应各国政府和7个生物多样性相关公约的评估请求,对实现《2011–2020生物多样性战略计划》和《生物多样性爱知目标》具有重要意义。作为科学和政策的桥梁,IPBES通过科学层面的评估分析,将为决策者提供工具和方法。通过深入分析这次评估的经验教训以及我国存在的问题,我们提出以下建议:(1)开展传粉者本底调查,评估传粉服务的价值;(2)建立传粉监测体系;(3)深入开展致危因素分析,制定并开展传粉者保护和恢复行动;(4)促进耕作模式优化,加强政策支持;(5)扩大宣传,提高公众参与。

Pollination is an important ecosystem services closely related to grain products and food security. Recent research has shown that pollinator declines directly affect human wellbeing, which has attracted widespread attention from the global community. Fittingly, the ＂pollinator, pollination and food production assessment＂ was listed as a high priority rapid assessment in 2014-2018 work programme of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services （IPBES）. The summary for policymakers was adopted at the fourth plenary meeting of IPBES. Within the IPBES framework, we introduce the start point and main contents of the thematic assessment report and explored the relationship between this assessment and other processes and its potential impacts. We also analyze what was learned and current shortcomings. We propose the following actions： （1） to survey pollinator diversity and to assess the value of pollination services; （2） to establish pollination monitoring system; （3） to analyze the risk factors and formulate pollinator conservation and restoration activities; （4） to optimize farming modes and to enhance policy support; and （5） to expand publicity and increase public participation.