基于多元统计方法的土壤污染物分布特征研究

Distribution characteristics of soil pollutants based on multivariate statistical method

为掌握某炼油化工场土壤污染物分布特征,采集某炼油化工厂10个采样点的土壤样品,对其中的9种污染物(镉、铬、汞、砷、铅、镍、氰化物、石油类和挥发酚)进行测定,进而利用因子-聚类分析和对应分析等方法对结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)研究区内土壤中砷、镍、铬、汞和镉的分布形态以自然成因为主;石油类、挥发酚、氰化物和铅的分布主要受人类活动影响。(2)石油在储存和运输过程中由于跑、冒、滴、漏等方式直接渗入土壤是导致油罐区及输油管线附近土壤中石油类含量增加的主要原因;油罐区排水沟收集的冲洗废水或降水等也易造成周围土壤中石油类及挥发酚的富集;堆放的石油加工废弃物中的铅、镉及氰化物则通过淋滤的方式进入周边土壤。

To study the spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants in soils of a chemical refinery,10 top soil samples were collected and the contents of cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic, lead, nickel, cyanide, oil and volatile phenol were detected. Based on the concentration of the pollutants, factor-cluster analysis and correspondence analysis were applied to identify probable natural and anthropogenic sources of the contaminants. Factor-cluster analysis revealed that the distributing of As, Ni, Cr, Hg and Cd in the top soils of the studied area were contributed by natural genesis and the distributing status of oil,volatile phenol,cyanide and Pb were closely related to human activities. The results of correspondence analysis showed that the concentration of petroleum and derivatives in the topsoil nearby the oil tank area and pipelines were higher than the topsoil anywhere else,which could be correlated with the storing and transporting of the oil such as the running, exuding, leaking, and dripping for oils. Furthermore, the enrichment of the volatile phenol in the soils near the drains and accident pool could ascribe to the washing waste water or the rain collected by the drainage ditch near the oil tank. Additionally,there were some waste from the oil producing process dumped randomly in the studied area and the Pb,Cd and cyanide of these wastes could be prone to migrate in- to the surrounding soils by leaching process.