回热循环对航天器热泵系统性能影响研究

Study for the influence of regenerative cycle on the performance of spacecraft heat pump

为研究R12回热循环对航天器单级蒸汽压缩式热泵系统性能的影响,搭建了热泵性能测定实验装置,从排气温度、耗功量、制冷量及制冷系数等方面分析了回热循环对热泵系统性能的影响。结果表明:在有、无回热循环两种工况下,实验测得的排气温度、耗功量、制冷量、制冷系数均随量热器温度的升高而增大;同一量热器温度下,回热循环在提高系统制冷量的同时会增加压缩机耗功,引起排气温度升高,但制冷量的增长幅度大于压缩机耗功的增长幅度。当量热器内温度为16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃时,回热循环带来的制冷系数增长率分别为50%、39.6%、32.7%、27.6%。因此R12回热循环对提高系统制冷系数是有效的。在此基础上,基于Aspen Plus软件建立了实验流程模型,采用NRTL-RK物性方法对有、无回热热泵循环进行模拟计算。模拟结果与实验结果两者间误差较小,说明软件模拟实际热泵流程的可靠性较高,今后可进一步利用Aspen Plus软件作热泵系统性能的深入研究。

To investigate the effect of R12 regenerative cycle on single -stage vapor compression heat pump used in spacecraft, a heat pump performance test device was set up. The effect of regenerative cycle on the performance of spacecraft heat pump system was analyzed from exhaust - gas temperature, power consumption, refrigerating capacity and refrigeration coefficient. The results show that, under the same calorimeter temperature, exhaust gas temperature, power consumption, refrigerating capacity and refrigeration coefficient increase with temperature rising in the calorimeter. Under the same calorimeter temperature, regenerative cycle can increase power consumption of the compressor and lead to exhaust gas temperature rising when improving refrigerating capacity, but the increasing range of refrigerating capacity is bigger than power consumption. When the calorimeter temperature gets to 16℃, 20℃, 24℃, 28℃, the growth rates of refrigeration coefficients caused by regenerative cycle are 50% , 39.6% , 32.7% , 27.6% , so it is effective for R12 regenerative cycle to improve refrigeration coefficient. Based on that, the model for experimental process was established by Aspen plus, and NRTL - RK property method was used to calculate the heat pump performancewith or without regenerative cycle. Through comparing experimental data with simulated data, the relative error between experimental results and simulated results is small, which indicates that the reliability of the software to simulate the actual heat pump flow is comparatively high, and Aspen Plus can be used to investigate performance of the heat pump deeply in the future.