湖北省黄石市铁山区15岁及以上人群高血压患病现状及其特点

Morbidity status and features of hypertension among residents aged 15 and older from Tieshan District of Huangshi City in Hubei Province

目的了解湖北省黄石市铁山区15岁及以上居民高血压患病现状及其特点。方法采用随机分层抽样的方法,选取黄石市铁山区15岁及以上常驻居民1 925例,利用问卷调查及现场体格检查等方式获取调查对象的一般信息及体检数据,分析该地区居民的高血压患病情况以及高血压患者对高血压知晓、治疗、控制情况。结果该地区高血压病患病率为28.3%(544/1 925),男性与女性患病率分别为27.2%、29.3%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);总体患病率、男性及女性患病率均随年龄上升而升高(P<0.05),各年龄段男女性患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高血压组中吸烟、饮酒、超重、肥胖、家族高血压病史、内脏脂肪指数异常、腰围异常及家族高血脂病史者的比例均高于非高血压组(P<0.05)。高血压患者知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为47.24%、38.42%、23.53%,高血压患者以单一用药为主(77.03%),药物类型以钙离子通道阻滞剂类药物为主(70.33%),近20%患者使用非处方药。结论铁山区居民高血压患病率高,知晓率、治疗率、控制率仍不够理想,吸烟、肥胖等因素可能与高血压有关,且存在药物使用不合理现象,需要对该地居民大力宣教高血压危害因素,积极开展健康知识讲座。

Objective To explore the morbidity status and features of hypertension among residents aged 15 and older from Tieshan District of Huangshi City in Hubei Province. Methods A total of 1 925 permanent residents aged 15 and older from Tieshan District of Huangshi City in Hubei Province were selected using the random stratified sampling method. The general and physical data of respondents were acquired by questionnaire and field physical examination. And the morbidity of hypertension in this district and awareness,treatment and control for hypertension of residents with hypertenson were analyzed. Results The morbidity rate of hypertension in this district was 28. 3%（ 544 /1 925）,and the rates of the male and the female were 27. 2% and 29. 3% respectively,but no statistical difference was found（ P〉0. 05）. The total morbidity rate,the morbidity rates of the male and female all increased with the increasing age（ P〈0. 05）.There was no statistical difference in the morbidity rate between the male and the female in each age bracket group（ P〉0. 05）. The proportions of individuals with smoking,drinking,obesity,family history of hypertension,abnormal visceral adiposity index,abnormal waistline and family history of hyperlipidemia in the hypertension group were higher than those in the non-hypertension group（ P〈0. 05）.The awareness rate,cure rate and control rate for hypertension in the patients with hypertension were 47. 24%,38. 42% and 23. 53%respectively. And in this district,single drug（ 77. 03%） was the main therapeutic pattern for the patients with hypertension,and the main drug was calcium channel blocker（ 70. 33%）,and about 20% of the patients used over-the-counter drugs. Conclusion In Tieshan District,the morbidity rate of hypertension is high and the awareness rate,cure rate and control rate are still in a undesirable condition.Smoking and obesity might be associated with hypertension. And unreasonable drugs usage exists. Propaganda and education about hypertension should be conducted and lectures about health and education should be carried out actively in this district.