我国不同地方品种鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性

The Susceptibility of Chinese Indigenous Chicken Breeds(Gallus gallus domesticus)to Eimeria tenella Infection

旨在比较不同品种鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus）对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性差异。选取26日龄无球虫感染的24个我国地方品种鸡和国外引进品种隐性白羽鸡各45只,分别分为2个感染组和1个非感染对照组,每组15只。感染组每只鸡嗉囊内接种1×105个孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊,基于感染鸡的死亡率、相对增重率、肠道病变记分、卵囊产量和抗球虫指数（ACI）等指标,评价不同鸡种对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性。25个鸡种中,狼山鸡、藏鸡、大骨鸡、萧山鸡、文昌鸡、安义瓦灰鸡、白耳黄鸡、仙居鸡、大围山微型鸡和金湖乌凤鸡易感性最低,ACI介于56.80～85.76,表现为未发生死亡或死亡率低,相对增重率高,肠道病变记分低,但卵囊产量相对较高（藏鸡除外）。隐性白羽鸡、清远麻鸡、惠阳胡须鸡、固始鸡、北京油鸡、瓢鸡和汶上芦花鸡易感性最高,ACI介于-11.64～18.67之间,表现为死亡率较高（北京油鸡除外）,相对增重率较低,肠道病变记分和卵囊产量较高（固始鸡除外）。其余8个品种易感性中等,ACI介于29.81～53.36。不同品种鸡对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的易感性存在较大的差异,且肉用型品种较蛋肉兼用型品种易感性高。

This study was conducted to investigate the difference in susceptibility to Eimeria tenellainfection among different chicken breeds（Gallus gallus domesticus）.Twenty-six-day-old,coccidia-free chickens of 24 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one commercial breed,recessive white,were divided into two infected groups and one non-infected control group randomly,15 chickens each group.The infected groups were inoculated into crop with 1×105 sporulated E.tenellaoocysts per bird.The mortality,relative rate of weight gain,cecal lesion scores,oocyst production and anticoccidial index（ACI）were measured as parameters for evaluation of the susceptibility of different breeds.Among 25 breeds,Langshan,Tibetan,Big bone,Xiaoshan,Wenchang,Anyi tile-like,Buff baier,Xianju,Daweishan mini and Jinhu silky chickens appeared clearly as the least susceptible,with the ACIs ranging from 56.80 to 85.76,showing no death or lower mortality,lower lesion score and higher relative rate of weight gain than other breeds,though higher oocyst production was found in those breeds except Tibetan chicken.Recessive white,Qingyuan partridge,Huiyang bearded,Gushi,Beijing oil,Piao and Wenshang barred chickens were the most susceptible with the ACIs ranging from-11.64 to 18.67,showing higher mortality（except Beijing oil chicken）,lower relative rate of gain,higher lesion scores and higher oocysts production（except Gushi chicken）than other breeds.The rest of the 8breeds showed moderate susceptibility with the ACIs ranging from 29.81 to 53.36.There are significant differences in the susceptibility to E.tenellainfection among different chicken breeds.And the meat type breeds showed higher susceptibility than eggs and meat breeds.