吉林省松原牧区养羊户成员布鲁菌病现行干预效果评价

Effectiveness evaluation of brucellosis intervention among members from sheep farmers in Songyuan City of Jilin Province

目的 了解吉林省松原牧区养羊户成员布鲁菌病（简称布病）干预前后的情况,评价干预措施的效果,为以健康教育和行为干预为主的布病防控措施的实行提供理论依据.方法 2012年,采用多阶段抽样的方法,在吉林省松原市布病高发地前郭县抽取2个乡镇、9个村,将村中全部养羊户成员作为调查对象进行问卷调查,同时采集血样.随后对养羊户成员实施干预,包括发放宣传单、宣传手册、树立展板和面对面讲解布病知识、发放防护用品（口罩、帽子、消毒液）,并演示使用方法,干预后（2014年）进行随访调查.对两次调查数据进行分析与比较.结果 干预前后布病新发感染率分别为12.66％（51/403）和5.79％（14/242）,两者比较差异有统计学意义（x2=7.875,P＜ 0.01）.两次调查对比,干预后各项布病知识知晓率普遍提高;但高危行为无明显改变,相关的防护行为没有明显提高.结论 干预措施能有效提高养羊户成员对布病的知晓情况,但个人的防护情况没有明显改变.提示在开展健康教育和行为干预的同时,应加强养羊户成员的督导和有关部门的监测工作.

Objective To study the status of brucellosis among members from sheep farmers,and to evaluate the effect of the intervention in health education and behavior intervention as the main measures,which may provide theoretical basis for brucellosis prevention and control.Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used in Qianguo County,Songyuan,Jilin Province,and a total of 9 villages in 2 towns were selected in 2012.All members from sheep farmers were conducted a questionnaire survey and blood samples were collected in these villages.Then the interventions were carried out,including leaflets,brochures,posters,a face to face education,and protective equipment （hats,masks and disinfectant）.A follow-up study was conducted after intervention in 2014.The two survey data were analyzed.Results There was a statistical significant difference in the emerging infection rate before and after the intervention （x2 =7.875,P 〈 0.01）,which was 12.66% （51/403） and 5.79% （14/242）,respectively.The rate of the awareness of brucellosis knowledge was improved commonly after the intervention.Moreover the high-risk behavior of brucellosis didn＆#39;t changed obviously,and there was no significant difference in prevention.Conclusions The intervention could effectively improve the brucellosis awareness rate of members from sheep farmers,but individual protection has not changed significantly.It is suggested that we should strengthen the supervision of the members from sheep farmers and the surveillance of relevant departments.