美国艺术教育的转变与发展走向——基于《艺术教育国家标准》与《国家核心艺术标准》的比较分析

Transformation and Development Trend of American Art Education:A Comparative Study of the American National Art Education Standards

1994年,美国首次将艺术教育确定为基础教育核心学科。同年,全国艺术教育协会联盟编制出美国历史上第一个《艺术教育国家标准》,为美国艺术教育迈入21世纪奠定了重要基础,也把美国艺术教育推向了前所未有的发展高度。21世纪,随着经济全球化、文化多元化、信息视觉化的进一步推进,艺术教育也迎来全新挑战。为适应社会思潮的变化和艺术教育理论自身的发展,2014年,美国推出了最新的《国家核心艺术标准》。通过比较美国新旧两版艺术教育标准,发现新《标准》在艺术教育理念、框架结构、教学内容设计及课程评价上都出现了新的变化,更加注重学生学习、思考、创作的过程,强调培养学生主动思考及自主创造的能力。新《标准》促进了艺术教育向综合性与多元化的转变。

In 1994,the US National Art Education Association established the first National Core Arts Standards（NCAS）,which first made arts education a core discipline of basic education,and promoted the American art education to be ＂world-class level＂.In the 21 st century,with the further development of economic globalization,multiculturalism and visualization of information,arts education is facing new challenges.In 2014,the United States published the latest NCAS.By comparing the differences between the old and new standard,this paper summarizes the changes of the concept,structure,course content and evaluation in the new NCAS,That is to promote students＇ creative thinking and innovation through focusing on the process of learning,creating and thinking.The new NCAS promoted art education to transform into a visualized and diversified teaching mode.