基于GIS和RUSLE模型的松涛水库上游水土流失定量分析

Quantitative Analysis on Soil Erosion of the Upstream of Songtao Reservoir Based on GIS and RUSLE

基于地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感技术(RS),提取了松涛水库上游降雨侵蚀力、地形、土壤可蚀性、植被与经营管理和水土保持措施5个主要水土流失影响因子,运用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)估算该区域土壤侵蚀量,生成土壤侵蚀程度分布图。运用GIS空间分析和数理统计方法,分析水土流失在地理空间上的分布特征,结果表明:水土流失主要以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,分别占研究区总面积的48.43%和26.76%;坡度是引起水土流失的重要因子,水土流失主要分布在坡度>15°的区域;水土流失主要发生在人类干扰活动较强烈的草地、灌木林、速生林、热作园等地类上,其水土流失面积占到研究区水土流失总面积的89.64%。

The paper extracted five primary factors that affected soil erosion in the upstream of Songtao Reservoir,including rainfall erosivity,topography,soil erodibility,vegetation and management and soil and water conservation measures based on GIS and RS technology.It estimated the quantity of the regional soil erosion and generated the distribution chart of the degree of soil erosion by using the revised RUSLE.It analyzed the characteristics of geographical spatial distribution of soil erosion by using GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics method.The outcomes show that a) the main soil and water loss are micro and light erosion,making up 48.43%and 26.76%of the total studied area respectively;b) slope is an important factor that causes soil erosion and erosion is mainly distributed in the slope of >15° area and;c) soil erosion mainly occurs in grass land,shrub land,fast-growing forest and hot garden land where are seriously interfered by human activities,and the eroded area makes up 89.64%of the total soil erosion area of the studied area.