墨西哥义务教育阶段教师聘用制改革研究

Review of Reform of Employment System to Mexican Teachers at Compulsory Education

基础教育薄弱问题严重制约了墨西哥教育及经济的发展。2012年革命制度党人培尼亚·涅托(Pe觡a Nieto)当选总统后,立刻修订国家宪法,并颁布《教师职业一般服务法》,设立了针对学前和中小学教师、教育管理者的全国统一考核聘用制度。教师由终身制改为聘用制,改变了教师"铁饭碗"的职业特征,影响重大。本文对墨西哥此次教师职业改革的背景、政策内容和政策特点等进行分析,反思其实施的利弊得失。

Weak basic education has seriously hampered the Mexican education and economic development. Soon after elected as president of Mexico in 2012, Pena Nieto from Institutional Revolutionary Party immediately revised the Constitution, established national examination employment system for teacher and administrators in compulsory education. General Law of Teacher Professional Service was issued in order to legitimize regimes of assessment and employment for teaching staff. Turning teaching profession from permanent position to contract based jobs has a significant impact. This paper tries to reflect on the pros and cons of this reform on teaching profession trough analyzing its background, policy and characters.