地基基础设计等级:一个不该提出更不该固守的概念

Foundation Design Grades:A Concept which should not be Proposed and Maintained

近十余年来,划分地基基础设计等级成了我国建筑地基基础工程中一个基本的要求。按相关规范,不仅建筑物地基基础设计需要划分地基基础设计等级,而且建筑基坑工程、建筑边坡工程和影响建筑物安全的滑坡治理工程设计甚至工程勘察、工程检验和工程监测也需要划分地基基础设计等级。研究表明,在全国范围通用的两部国家标准在地基基础设计等级划分和应用方面存在着下列问题:(1)"地基基础设计等级"用词与用途不吻合;(2)地基基础设计等级内涵与划分依据模糊不清;(3)建筑物地基基础设计等级应用条款普遍不合理;(4)建筑物和边坡工程地基基础设计等级划分无意义。建议:(1)用工程重要性等级取代地基基础设计等级:(2)对实际应用地基基础设计等级的条款根据工程重要性等级及其他情况的不同重新进行表述,对形式上用到地基基础设计等级而实际上未用到的条款改用不涉及地基基础设计等级的表述。这些建议能弥补采用地基基础设计等级概念存在的不足。

For nearly ten years,it is a basic requirement to classify foundation design grades in Chinese foundation engineering.According to relevant codes,foundation design grades classification should not only be applied in building foundation design,but also in building foundation pit engineering,building slope engineering,landslide treatment engineering affecting building security,and even in engineering investigation,project quality inspection and engineering monitoring.The study shows that the two national standards applied nationally has problems in foundation design grades classification and application as follows：1.The application does not accord to the concept of ＂foundation design grades＂.2.The classification contents and basis for foundation design are not clear enough.3.The application items of building foundation design grades are generally unreasonable.4.There is no meaning in classifying foundation design grades for buildings and slope engineering.Suggestions are proposed as follows：1.Engineering importance grades can be adopted to replace foundation design grades.2.The items in practical foundation design grades are to be recounted in accordance with engineering importance grades and other different conditions,and the ones which are not applied in practical are to be stated in wording not referred to foundation design grades.These suggestions can remedy the problems in concept of foundation design grades.