上海市青少年饮食相关行为调查及危险因素分析

Investigation of adolescents' diet-related behaviors and analysis of risk factors in Shanghai

目的调查上海地区青少年饮食相关行为的基本情况以及研究相关危险因素。方法采取上海市青少年健康相关行为调查问卷(初中版及高中版)对上海地区青少年饮食相关行为进行调查。在上海全市每个区县采用系统抽样方法随机选取90所学校。采取简单随机方法,在每个学校随机选取2个班,进行问卷调查。结果本次调查覆盖上海市17个区县的90所学校,最终合计取得有效样本20 651名(男生占49.5%,女生占50.5%),问卷合格率99.2%。被调查者平均年龄(14.95±1.95)岁。(1)饮食习惯:过去7 d内,54.4%的学生不是每日喝牛奶,49.5%的学生不是每日吃水果,25.9%的学生不是每日吃蔬菜,2.9%的学生不吃早餐。(2)可导致超重/肥胖的饮食行为:23.7%的学生报告每日喝汽水饮料,18.9%的学生经常吃甜点,6.1%的学生每周有3 d以上吃西式快餐。(3)减肥行为:过去30 d内,32.1%的学生通过减少食物量、减少热量摄取或吃低脂食物来减轻体质量,8.7%的学生通过不吃主食来减轻体质量,女生报告率高于男生。2.6%的学生选择长时间禁食,还有1.4%学生选择吃减肥药。青少年饮食相关行为与学生性别、父母文化程度、学生是否住宿生有关。结论上海地区青少年饮食习惯健康程度较令人满意,在可导致超重/肥胖的饮食行为方面存在明显性别差异,提示我们将来在对青少年饮食行为进行干预措施时需注意分性别制定针对性方案。

Objective To investigate adolescents’ diet-related behaviors and risk factors in Shanghai. MethodsQuestionnaires were performed to get the information of dietary behaviors. A total of 90 schools in Shanghai were selected by stratified clustering sampling methods. Two classes were randomly selected in every school. Results A total of 20 651 students were selected from 90 schools in 17 districts in Shanghai, in which male students were 49. 5% and female students were 50. 5%. The qualified respondent’s questionnaires were 99. 2%. The mean age of respondents was （ 14. 95 ± 1. 95 ） years. （1） Dietary habits in the past 7 days, 54. 4% of the students did not drink milk every day, 49. 5% of the students did not eat fruits every day, 25. 9% of the students did not eat vegetables every day, and 2. 9% of the students did not eat breakfast. （2） Overweight/obesity-related behaviors： 23. 7% of the students drank carbonated beverage every day, 18. 7% of the students ate dessert frequently, and 6. 1% of the students ate western fast food more than 3 days in a week. （3） Weight control behaviors ： in the past 30 days, 32. 1 % of the students reduced the amount of food and calorie intake, and ate low fat food to lose weight, 8. 7% of the students did not eat staple food to lose weight, 2. 6% of the students chose fasting for a long time, and 1. 4% of the students took weight-loss pills. Adolescents’ diet-related behaviors in Shanghai were related to gender, parental educational level and whether the student was a boarder. Conclusion Overall, adolescents’ dietary habits in Shanghai are healthy. Gender differences are found in behaviors which can lead to overweight/obesity, suggesting that gender differences should be taken into consideration when an intervention is conducted in the future.