大学生锻炼频数、身体满意度与心理适应的关系

Relationship between exercise frequency and psychological adjustment:mediating effect of body satisfaction

目的考察锻炼频数与心理适应的关系、身体满意度在上述关系中的中介作用。方法采用躯体自信量表、孤独感量表以及自我觉知量表对372名上海大学生进行调查。结果 (1)锻炼频数与体型在身体吸引力与身体状况的评价上交互作用显著,锻炼频数与体型在体质量关注度上主效应显著。(2)锻炼频数与体型在自尊水平上交互作用显著,两者在孤独感上主效应显著。(3)身体满意度在锻炼频数与心理适应的关系中起部分中介作用。结论锻炼频数的增加不仅能直接影响个体的心理适应水平,还能通过影响个体对自身身体的满意程度进而影响个体的心理适应。研究结果一定程度上支持了锻炼-自尊模型,并为提高大学生的心理适应水平提供了理论依据。

Objective A mediation model was examined, in which body satisfaction mediated the relations between exercise frequency and psychological adjustment. Methods Using the body-esteem scale, Illinois loneliness questionnaire and self-perception profile for children, 372 students from different universities in Shanghai were investigated. Results （1） The interaction between exercise frequency and body shape on physical attractiveness and physical condition was significant. The main effect of exercise frequency and body shape on weight concern was significant. （2） The interaction between exercise frequency and body shape on self-esteem was significant. The main effect of exercise frequency and body shape on loneliness was significant.（3） Body satisfaction partially mediated relations between exercise frequency and psychological adjustment. Conclusion Exercise frequency not only shows direct impact on psychological adjustment, but also has indirect impact through the body satisfaction. The result generally supports the model of exercise and self-esteem. It also provides a theoretical basis to improve the psychological adjustment of university students.