结构柱地震荷载模拟试验的方法研究

Earthquake Simulation Testing Research for Large-scale Structural Columns

简要回顾了国内外有关结构柱抗震研究中所采用的地震荷载模拟加载方法。以加载方法的原理为依据可以将单体结构柱单元的地震模拟试验装置可以分成竖向悬臂梁式,简支梁,以及反弯双曲式、即所谓"建研式"三种。进行水平加载的同时轴向力的加载方法可以分为做动器直接加载,后张法加载,以及通过滑动垫层加载等。传统的轴向加载方法的共通问题是实际施加的侧向力必须根据轴力的施加方法而进行修正。在大比例结构柱子的试验时以及动力加载或变动轴力加载时,问题更为复杂。本文介绍了第一作者发明的新型加载装置,简称MUST(Multiple Usage Structures Tester)。与既往加载系统比较,MUST能实现侧向力加载和轴向力加载分离,可直接测得施加至试验柱的侧向荷载和轴向荷载。

This paper briefly reviews the conventional experimental testing methods for structural columns under seismic and gravity loads, and introduces the concepts of a new type of large scale column testing system invented by the first author. The conventional column testing systems can be categorized into:cantilever, simply supported beam and the so-called Kenken style loading systems. For axial loading,typically the hinged actuator, post-tensioning and the loading with ball or roller-bearing systems are utilized. The paper discusses these conventional loading methods and points out the problems with the axial loading systems. The HNU- MUST(Multiple Usage Structural Tester) invented by Xiao has the advantage of maintaining the axial loading to be perpendicular to the lateral loading and the actual lateral forces applied to the specimen can be directly monitored, thus overcoming the problems in the conventional testing systems.