合理使用“一般条款”驳

Refutation of the General Clause as Stipulated by the Fair Use System

《著作权法》第三次修订中,修改草案第二稿、第三稿及送审稿中均增加了合理使用制度的"一般条款",而且在12种具体合理使用情形之外还新添了"其他情形"作为兜底规定,此种创新在比较法上亦属罕见。但是,作为权利限制制度的合理使用,立法时不应当存在一种可以通过事后解释的方式而创设的权利限制方式,将其适用到司法实践中也会引发向一般条款逃逸等不合理现象,兜底条款的创设更会使合理使用制度的展开欠缺正当性。所谓合理使用制度的"一般条款",实际上只是针对具体列举情形的判断标准,兜底规定的增设与法理、实践均不合,纯属多余。

The second,third and the revised draft of the Copyright Law during the latest Copyright Revision put in a general clause in the fair use system.Moreover,the legislators also use ＂other circumstances＂ as the save clause beyond the 12 specified fair use circumstances.These kinds of wording are rare even in the perspective of comparative law.Fair use,as a kind of civil right restriction system,should not allow a way to create right limitation through interpretation after the legislation; particularly,it may cause the escape to general clause in judicial practices.The save clause may even lead to lacking of legitimacy in employing the fair use system.A general clause of the fair use system is nothing but the judgment standard for the specified circumstances; while the creation of the save clause is simply superfluous since it is inconsistent with jurisprudence and practices.