专利行政诉讼审判结果及其影响因素分析——基于2004-2013年中国专利行政诉讼数据的实证研究

Trial Results of Patent Administrative Litigation and the Determinants:An Empirical Study of China's Patent Administrative Litigation Data during 2004-2013

专利行政诉讼作为一种知识产权救济制度,旨在实现专利权利有效性与稳定性的内在平衡,构成专利权利主体维护专利权益的重要制度保障。基于2004-2013年中国专利行政诉讼数据,研究了我国专利行政诉讼的发展趋势及主要特点,并进一步探讨涉案专利类型、原告基本特征及专利诉讼策略与原告胜诉之间的相关性。结果表明,原告在专利行政诉讼中的胜率呈逐年递减趋势,样本期间平均的胜率为14.8%;原告的胜率与涉案专利类型(发明、实用新型及外观设计)没有显著的相关性;原告的胜率与原告是企业还是个人不具有显著的相关性;涉外原告在高院审判阶段及2009年政策调整之前具有相对更高的胜率;原告在办案时间长、由高院审判及有关专利无效的诉讼中,具有相对更高的胜率;原告的胜率不因涉案专利是否同时遭遇民事侵权诉讼而存在显著差异。总体上,现行的专利行政诉讼制度在维护专利行政部门权威性与保护专利权人合法权益方面基本达到了平衡。

As a legal relief mechanism for intellectual property rights,patent administrative litigation aims to reach the balance between patent validity and right stability,which constitutes an important institutional support for patent holders.Based on China＇s patent administrative litigation data during 2004-2013,this paper empirically studies the main features of the patent administrative litigation in China,and further exams the impacts of types of patent,the basic characteristics of plaintiff,litigation strategy on the plaintiff＇s winning probability.We find that：（1）the plaintiff＇s winning rate declined year by year,with the average winning rates of 14.8%;（2）the type of patent（invention,utility model and design） and the type of plaintiff（individual and firm） does not significantly influence plaintiff＇s winning rate;（3）The foreign related plaintiff has relatively high winning rate before 2009;（4） the plaintiff＇s winning rate is higher in the case of long handling time,invalidity case as well as high court trial; Meanwhile,the winning rate shows no significant differences in cases whether the referred patent being suffered civil litigation simultaneously or not.In summary,China＇s current patent administrative litigation system basically reached a balance between maintaining the authority of the patent administrative departments and protecting the patent rights of holders.