百色市儿童常见过敏性皮肤病变应原检测与分析

Detection and analysis of allergen for common allergic dermatosis of children in Baise

目的通过对三种过敏性皮肤病(荨麻疹、湿疹及过敏性皮炎)儿童进行皮肤变应原检测,了解这三种过敏性皮肤病的主要变应原及其分布特征。方法应用皮肤变应原点刺试剂盒对诊断为荨麻疹、湿疹或过敏性皮炎的236例儿童(年龄≤14岁)进行31种变应原检测分析。结果 236例过敏性皮肤病患儿中,检出1种及以上变应原阳性的患儿233例,占98.73%,2种及以上变应原阳性的患儿230例,阳性率为97.46%。变应原中,粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂阳性率最高,依次为65.25%、60.59%、54.66%。吸入性变应原阳性率明显高于食入性,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.090,P=0.001)。桃子、番茄、牛肉、海虾、粉尘螨、蒿属花粉的阳性率在三种过敏性皮肤病之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论百色市儿童过敏性皮肤病(荨麻疹、湿疹、过敏性皮炎)的常见食入性变应原为海鲜、牛奶、蛋类、茄子,常见的吸入性变应原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂。97.46%的受检患儿存在2种及以上变应原阳性反应,发生吸入性过敏的概率大于食入性过敏。

Objective To understand the main allergens and their distribution characteristics of allergic dermatosis by de-tecting skin allergen of three kinds of allergic dennatosis（urticaria, eczema and atopic dermatitis ） of the children. Methods A prick skin test kit was applied to detect 31 kinds of allergens of 236 children （aged under 14） who were diagnosed with ur- ticaria,eczema or atopic dermatitis. Results Among the 236 cases of allergic dermatosis,233 were detected with one or more positive allergens,accounting for 98.73%,230 were detected with two or more positive allergens, positive rate was 97.46%.Of all the allergens,dennatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroaches had the highest positive rate with 65.25%,60.59% and 54.66% respectively.Positive rate of inhaled allergens was significantly higher than that of ingested al-lergens ,difference was statistically significant（χ^2 = 10.090, P = 0.001）.Difference of positive rates of peach, tomato, beef, shrimp, dermatophagoides farina and Artemisia pollen among the above-mentioned three kinds of allergic dermatosis was sta-tistically significant（ P 〈0.05）.Conclusion For the children in Baise city, common ingested allergens for allergic dermatosis （urticaria,eczema and allergic dermatitis） are seafood, milk, eggs and eggplants,while the common inhaled allergens are der- matophagoides farinae,dennatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroaches.97.46% of the investigated child patients demon-strate positive responses to two or more allergens. The probability of inhaled allergy is greater than ingested allergy for child patients in this city.