空间环境对超低轨道卫星轨迹规划的影响

Influence of Space Environment on Trajectory Planning for Very Low Earth Orbit Satellites

针对超低轨道卫星受空间环境影响显著,对特定目标的轨迹规划难度大的问题,分析了经验大气模型中空间环境参数预报的预报误差以及空间环境参数预报对轨迹规划的影响。在目前空间环境参数预报的误差特性的基础上,建立了轨道控制量和空间环境参数双变量的轨迹评估规划的算法,通过轨迹规划评估后选取最优轨迹规划方案。该算法能够很好地适应空间环境参数的变化,降低空间环境参数预报误差带来的轨道控制风险。目前,该算法已在某超低轨道卫星的轨迹规划中得到成功应用,对需要考虑空间环境因素影响的较低轨道卫星的轨迹规划与控制具有一定的借鉴意义。

As very low orbit satellites are affected significantly by space environment, trajectory planning is a difficult problem for certain objects. This paper analyzes the space environment prediction errors of experienced- based atmospheric models and the influence of space environment parameter forecasting for trajectory planning. On basis of the prediction error characteristics of space environment parameters , orbit control parameters are determined and space environment parameter bivariate track evaluation planning algorithm is built. By trajectory planning assessment the optimal trajectory planning scheme is chosen. The algorithm can well adapt to changing of the space environment parameters and reduce the risk of orbit control caused by prediction errors of the space envi-ronment parameters＊ At present, the algorithm has been a successful application in very low earth orbit satellite traj-ectory planning. The results are of high significance for reference when there is need to consider the space environ- ment factors of low earth orbit satellite trajectory planning and control.