不同车型车内空气质量的调查及分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Quality of Air in Different Models of Cars

通过采集606辆不同车型车内苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、氨及TVOC污染物浓度,发现车内空气污染物苯、TVOC及甲苯的含量较高,其中苯、TVOC、甲苯超标率占全部调查车辆的83%、61%和40%,所有车辆中车内空气质量全部合格的数量为102辆,仅占调查车辆的17%。高、中、低三档车型污染物中甲苯的含量最高,且高档轿车车内苯、甲苯、甲醛、二甲苯的浓度比低档轿车低。新车与旧车车内污染物相比,新车车内甲苯、甲醛、二甲苯、苯的浓度均比旧车高。在所有调查车辆中甲苯的最大浓度超出了国家标准的7倍、TVOC为国标的5倍、甲醛为国标的4倍、氨为国标的3倍,甲苯含量在各个车型中浓度最大。车内空气中苯类物质主要来源于黏接剂、油漆等,甲苯是有机化工产品的重要原料,也是油漆及黏合剂的主要溶剂,甲醛物质的主要来源为车内座套和座垫等合成织物。

By collecting the concentration of such pollutants in 606 different models of cars as benzene, toluene, xyleneformaldehyde, ammonia and TVOC ,it is found that the contents of pollutants like benzene, toluene and TVOC inthe car are high,with the over-limit rate of benzene,TVOC and toluene occupying 83% ,61% and 40% of all thecars surveyed,the number of the cars with qualified air quality inside being 102,only occupying 17%. In High,mediumand low-grade cars, the toluene content is the highest and the concentrations of benzene, toluene, formaldehydeand xylene are lower in high-grade cars than in low-grade cars. The pollutant comparison between old and new carsshows that new cars have higher benzene, toluene, formaldehyde and xylene concentrations than old cars. In all thecars surveyed,the maximum concentrations of toluene, TVOC, exceed the national standards seven times by seventimes,formaldehyde and ammonia exceed the national standard by 7 times,5 times,4 times and 3 times respectively.Of all car models, toluene content is the highest. The benzene in the air inside the cars mainly comes from bonding agentsand paints, toluene is an important raw material for organic chemical products and also main solvent agent forpaints and adhesives,formaldehyde mainly comes from car seat cover material and upholstery.