怀化市2008—2015年手足口病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics for hand foot and mouth disease from 2008 to 2015 in Huaihua City

目的：分析怀化市2008—2015年手足口病的流行病学特征,为制定本地区手足口病的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对怀化市2008—2015年报告的手足口病病例进行流行病学特征及病原学检测分析。结果怀化市2008—2015年共报告手足口病病例46333例,每年发病率分别为51.04/10万、33.40/10万、98.85/10万、84.79/10万、181.96/10万、126.44/10万、269.57/10万、125.95/10万。共报告重症病例601例,重症病例发生率占比1.30%,报告死亡病例8例,病死率占比0.02%。在此期间怀化市所有县市区均有病例报告,年均发病率较高的分别是鹤城区252.86/10万、中方县159.48/10万、洪江区152.27/10万、芷江县130.13/10万。每年4—6月和10—12月为发病高峰期；0-3岁儿童是发病重点人群,该年龄段发病数占总报告病例数85.07%；男女性别比1.8∶1。在2880份实验室确诊病例中肠道病毒71型阳性1915例,柯萨奇病毒A16型阳性380例,其他肠道病毒阳性585例,2015年其他肠道病毒阳性占比升至43.43%。结论怀化市手足口病在高发季节应继续采取综合防控措施,控制疫情的流行和暴发。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease （ HFMD） from 2008 to 2015 in Huaihua City, and to provide a science basis in related prevention measures. Methods The descriptive epide-miological method was carried out in analysis of characteristics and in detection pathogen about HFMD cases from 2008 to 2015 in Huaihua City. Results A total of 46 333 HFMD cases were reported in Huaihua City, and the annual incidence were 51. 04/105 , 33. 40/105 , 98. 85/105 , 84. 79/105 , 181. 96/105 , 126. 44/105 , 269. 57/105 , 125. 95/105 , respective-ly, in 2008—2015. There were 601 severe cases reported, with an incidence 1. 30%, 8 death cases reported, with a fatal-ity rate 0. 02%. There were HFMD cases reportedin all Counties and Districts in Huaihua City, the higher incidence oc-curred in Hecheng District（252.86/105）,Zhongfang County（159.48/105）,Honjiang District（152.27/105）,and Zhijiang County（ 130. 13/105）. The incidence peak appeared Apr. to Jun. and Oct. to Dec. in each year, and children under 3 years age were the major target group, accounted for 85. 07% in all reported cases. The ratio for male and female was 1. 8∶ 1. There were 1 915 cases of Enterovirus 71（EV71） positive, 380 cases of Coxsackievirus A16 （CoxA16） positive and 585 cases of other enterovirus-positive in total of 2 880 cases by laboratory confirmed, in which EV71 positive was 66. 49%, but the other enterovirus-positive increased to 43. 43% in 2015. Conclusion It should take the comprehensive prevention measures in control of epideimic and outbreak for HFMD in epidemic high season in Huaihua City.