安徽省农村地区老年人孤独感及影响因素研究

Analysis on the loneliness and its influence factors of the elderly in rural areas of Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省农村地区老年人孤独感及其影响因素。方法用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,于2014年7月在安徽省抽取3个城市的19个行政村,筛选出符合标准的共计2 642名60岁以上农村老年人。采用UCLA孤独量表、SF-36简明健康调查量表及反映社会支持水平的相关条目对上述老年人进行孤独感及影响因素的调查。结果安徽农村老年人总体孤独感得分为(38.72±8.03)分,并且孤独感普遍较强,老年人孤独感水平性别差异无统计学意义。Pearson积差相关分析结果显示躯体健康维度与躯体健康维度得分间的相关系数为0.715。躯体健康维度与孤独感得分间的相关系数为-0.198。心理健康维度与UCLA得分间的相关系数为-0.353。最优尺度回归分析结果显示,精力、与邻居关系、社会功能、关系密切朋友数、情感职能等是影响孤独感得分的主要因素。结论安徽省农村老年人的总体孤独感评分较高,且影响老年人孤独感的因素较多,保持良好的躯体健康与心理状态可以有效的减轻孤独感,应针对性地采取相关干预措施,降低老年人孤独感。

Objective The aim of this study is to understand the loneliness level among rural older adults and its influence factors in Anhui province. Methods With multistage stratified cluster sampling method and selective criterion 2 642 persons over 60 years from 19 administrative villages in three cities of Anhui province was selected on July 2014.And data were collected through interview by using UCLA loneliness scale,SF-36 concise Health Scale soon. Results The mean score of loneliness was（38.72±8.03）.The old rural people in Anhui feel lonely generally and there is no difference between men and women.The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient between the physical dimension and the score of physical dimension was 0.715,the correlation coefficient between the physical dimension and the score of UCLA was-0.198,and the correlation coefficient between the physical dimension and the score of UCLA was-0.353.The result of optimal scaling regression analysis revealed that energies,relationships with neighbors,social functioning,numbers of close friends and emotional functioning were the five significant factors affecting feelings of loneliness. Conclusions The score of loneliness among rural elderly in Anhui province is comparatively high with multiple factors being there.Keeping physical and mental health can alleviate the felling of loneliness dramatically.Effective measures should be taken to establish favorable social support systems and reduce the loneliness of older adults.