宁波市2010-2014年中心城区道路交通伤害流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological analysis for the road traffic injury in the Ningbo central city,2010-2014

目的描述宁波市中心城区道路交通伤害（road traffic injury,RTI）的流行特征,为预防和控制伤害的发生提供依据。方法收集宁波市某急救中心2010-2014年所有RTI急救数据描述宁波市中心城区RTI人群、时间和伤害部位分布情况及流行病学特征。结果 2010-2014年,宁波市某急救中心共救治RTI 15 419人,平均每2.8h发生伤害1人。男女性别比为1.35∶1,平均年龄41.76岁,89.08%伤亡病例为15~64岁人群,65岁以上人群伤亡比例呈逐年缓慢增加趋势。RTI急救人数2012年前后呈先上升后下降趋势,不同年份RTI构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=130.67,P=0.000）。7月份RTI发生人数最多（9.70%）。一周内工作日与休息日两者RTI伤亡构成比为1.09∶1,周一RTI发生人数最多（14.8%）。1天中RTI人数随时间变化呈＂M＂型,16~17时最高。多部位损伤为RTI发生最常见部位（29.14%）,急救时已死亡中49.14%为头部损伤。结论宁波市中心城区RTI发生有其自身的流行病学特征,需根据高发时段合理配置院前急救资源,加强高危人群交通安全教育,建议开展RTI预防、救治和管理的综合干预措施研究。

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristic for the road traffic injury（RTI）in the Ningbo central city,and provide the basis for prevention and control the occurrence of injury. Methods To collect the Ningbo emergency center all RTI datas to describe the population,time and site of the injuries.Results During the period of 2010-2014,there were 15 419 RTI in Ningbo central city,one person gets injured every 2.8hours.The gender ratio was 1.35：1,the average age was 41.76 years old,89.08% were cases between 15 to 64years old,and the aged over 65 showed a slowly increasing trend.The numbers of RTI showed a rising trend year by year,then declined after 2012.The RTI composition differences of years were statistical significance（χ2=130.67,P=0.000）.9.70% of the cases occurred in July.The ratio of working days and weekends was 1.09∶1.In addition,14.8% of the cases occurred on Monday.The numbers of RTI presented ＂ M＂ type in the whole day,16-17 PM was the peak-hour.Among the all cases,29.14% were Multiple site injury,and 49.14%in the first aid died were head injuried. Conclusions The RTI occurrence has its own epidemiological characteristics in Ningbo central city.It needs rational allocation of resources based on pre-hospital emergency high time to enhance traffic safety education in high-risk groups;It is recommended to carry out comprehensive measures on intervention RTI prevention,treatment and management.