60年前苏联国内对赫鲁晓夫秘密报告的反应——写在苏共20大召开60周年之际

Domestic Reaction of Soviet Union to Khrushchev's Secret Report——On the 60^(th) Anniversary of the 20^(th) Congress of the Communist Party Of Soviet Union

1956年2月25日,苏共中央第一书记赫鲁晓夫在苏共20大上做了《关于个人崇拜及其后果的报告》。报告否定斯大林的个人品质,揭露斯大林的个人崇拜,谴责斯大林的镇压罪行。同年3月5日,根据苏共中央主席团决议,全苏各州委、边疆区委和加盟共和国中央委员会向全体党员和团员以及无党派人士传达了赫鲁晓夫《关于个人崇拜及其后果的报告》。报告在各地传达后引起了各种不同的反应和反响。对斯大林极端对立的两极评价表明,即便是在20世纪50年代表面上高度一致的苏联社会,也无法在斯大林问题上形成统一的共识。

On February 25, 1956, Khrushchev, the First Secretary of Communist Party of the Soviet Union, made Report on Personality Cult and its Consequence on the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. The report denied the personal quality of Stalin, revealed Stalin＇s personality cult and condemned the repression Stalin had carried out. On March 5 of the same year, according to the resolution of the presidium of CPSU Central Committee, the state committees of the CPSU, the party committees in border area, and the Communist Party Central Committees of the Union Republics delivered Khrushchev＇s Report on Personality Cult and its Consequence to all the Party members, League members and nonparty personages. Then, different reactions and responses were received in different places. The extremely opposite evaluations to Stalin indicated that, even in 1950s when the Soviet Union＇s society showed high consistency, no unified recognition could be reached in the problem of Stalin.