《唐律疏议》中的法律概念及其条款——兼与《大清律例》相比较

On Legal Concepts and Clauses in Tang Lü Shu Yi :Compared with Da Qing Lǜ Li

《唐律疏议》中界定了大量的法律概念,并且还有专门的法律概念条款。唐律通过"属种差"的逻辑方法和特定语词界定法,定义了相关的法律概念,并通过专设法律概念条款和在普通条款及其"疏议"中凸显法律概念的方式,将法律概念纂入法典。通过与《大清律例》的比较,我们可以看出,唐律对法律概念的处理,尽管在法典目录上没有清律明晰,但是在界定方式和力度方面,整体较清律为优,而呈现出科学和完备的特色。当然,清律在对某些法律概念的界定方面,亦有超越唐律之处。无论如何,通过对法律概念的界定和编纂,立法者精练地描述了社会事实,传达出其欲标举的价值,并且规范了法律适用。甚至可以进一步推论,中国成文法典传统的成功,与其对法律概念的清晰界定应该是密不可分的。

Tang Lü Shu Yi(The Interpretation of Tang Dynasty Law) has defined numerous legal concepts and includes specialized legal concept clauses. Tang Dynasty Law gives definitions to relevant legal concepts by the logic of 'per genus et differentiam' and certain-words method, and embraces legal concepts into the code by setting up legal concept clauses and highlighting legal concepts in normal clauses and their interpretation. Compared with Da Qing Lü Li(Great Qing Legal Code), it can be seen that law of Tang dynasty is generally better than that of Qing dynasty in the aspects of definition mode and extent with the features of scientificity and completeness in dealing with legal concept, although the catalogue of the code is less clear than that of Qing dynasty law. Certainly, Qing dynasty law is superior to Tang dynasty law in the definitions of certain legal concepts. All in all, by the definition and compilation of legal concepts, legislators had a concise description on social facts to convey the advocated value and regulated the application of law. What's more, the further inference can be made that the success of Chinese tradition of written code is inseparable with the clear definitions of legal concepts.