拓展太阳能光伏电池特性综合实验的教学探索

Teaching exploration of expanding comprehensive experiment of photovoltaic cell

太阳能电池基本特性测定是目前大学开设的常规实验,其主要是对电池的伏安特性作初步的分析和研究.为了拓展实验内容,进一步培养学生的综合知识能力,本文借助光伏效应实验仪,设计并开展了评价光伏电池内部性能的串联电阻等5个特征参数提取实验.结果表明,温度变化对电池电流影响小,而对电压影响大;此外,还发现温度变化对电池串联电阻影响最小,而对反向饱和电流影响剧烈.该实验不仅可以帮助学生掌握光伏电池的I-V特性及I-V特性对温度的依赖关系,更重要是通过实验数据分析与处理学习,帮助学生理解光伏电池内部本征参数随温度的变化规律,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力.

The measuring electrical characteristics of solar cells are now routine experimentation in all university. The main content is a preliminary analysis and research of I-V characteristics. In order to expand the experiment content and further develop student＇s ability,a new experiment is designed. In the new experiment,the five solar cell internal parameters（series resistance etc.）which can be used to evaluate the cell＇s performance,are extracted. The results show that the cell＇s current depends on the temperature weaker than its voltage. In addition,it is found that the temperature has minimal impact on the cell＇s series resistance and a maximum impact on the cell＇s reverse saturation current. This experiment can not only help students to master I-V characteristics and its temperature dependence,but also help students understand the temperature dependence of photovoltaic cell interior intrinsic parameters. This experiment can also cultivate students＇ ability to analyze and solve problems.