《对玻恩及其学派的系列研究》连载(14)——哪位物理学家首先提出了可观察性原则?

Which physicist first presented the observable principle?

物理学家和科学史家都认为,可观察性原则对于量子力学的建立非常重要.1925年海森伯的"一人文章"发表后,很多与量子力学史相关的著述都认为,可观察性原则由海森伯提出.事实上他不是第一个提出可观察性原则的物理学家.马克斯·玻恩在1920年出版的著作中对这一思想即有描述,1919至1920年间在法兰克福大学任教授时,他还曾多次向朗德表述这一思想.很多文献证据表明,海森伯是在哥廷根,直接从玻恩这里了解到可观察性原则的.

Physicists and historians of science all consider that the observable principle was very important for creating quantum mechanics. Following the publication of Heisenberg＇s＂one person paper＂in 1925,most of the books and papers related to the history of quantum mechanics have indicated that the observable principle was a great contribution from Heisenberg. In fact Heisenberg was not the physicist who first presented observablity. Max Born had already clear described the idea in his book published in 1920,and he also repeated it frequently to Landé when he was the professor in Frankfurt,from 1919 to earlier 1921. A lot of evidence could prove that Heisenberg learned the observable principle from Gttingen,directly from professor Max Born.