正面碰撞中副驾驶乘员约束系统的匹配研究

Parameter optimization research on co-driver's restraint system in vehicle frontal impacts

为了研究在正面碰撞中副驾驶乘员的安全性,针对某国产车型,使用多刚体动力学分析软件MADYMO,分别建立了正面100%重叠刚性壁障碰撞实验(正面全宽碰撞)和正面40%重叠可变形壁障碰撞实验(偏置碰撞)的副驾驶员侧的包括车体、假人、安全气囊等在内的约束系统仿真模型,分别与实车实验的碰撞结果进行对标,确定模型的有效性。且调入第95百分位男性假人,分析原约束系统对较大身材假人的保护情况,通过正交优化法确定该车型最佳的约束系统参数。结果表明,在气囊排气孔为40 mm,安全带的延伸率为7%,限力2 500 N,气囊的点爆时间分别为12 ms和32 ms时,第50百分位男性假人正面全宽碰撞和偏置碰撞加权伤害准则值分别降低了13.8%和15.7%,第95百分位男性假人分别降低了10.8%和4.3%。优化后的乘员约束系统增加了副驾驶乘员以及大身材乘员在不同碰撞下的安全性,该优化策略也可为其他新车型约束系统设计时提供参考。

In order to study the safety of the co-driver’s side in frontal impacts, the software called mathematical dynamic model （ MADYMO） is used to build full frontal rigid barrier crash test model and frontal 40% offset deformable barrier crash test model, which include car body, dummy and re-straint system like airbag and so on. After calibration, bigger dummy———the 95th% man dummy is put into the models and then the injury of the four models is compared. Orthogonal experimental method is adopted to decide the best parameters of the restraint system. The result shows that when the vent hole of the airbag is 40 mm, the elongation and load limit for seatbelt is 7% and 2 500 N respectively and the ignition time is 12 ms and 32 ms, the values of weighted injury criterion re-duced 13. 8% and 15. 7% in full frontal test and offset deformable barrier test respectively, for the 50th% man dummy, the corresponding values for the 95th% man dummy are 10. 8% and 4. 3%. It is concluded that after the optimization of the restraint system, the safety for the co-driver and bigger size passenger is improved in different crashes, this optimazation strategy also provides idea for de-signing new car restraint system.