三江平原地区耕地后备资源开发生态影响评价

Ecological Impact Assessment for Exploitation of Farmland Reserve Resources in Sanjiang Plain

通过资料收集、实地调查与监测、专家咨询、文献研究等方法,构建了三江平原耕地后备资源开发的生态影响评价指标体系,并进行评价。研究结果表明三江平原耕地后备资源开发对土壤、水资源、土地利用和生物生产力与生物多样性都有一定的影响,准则层土壤,水资源,土地利用和生物生产力与生物多样性的权重分别为0.267、0.178、0.223、0.332,生物生产力与生物多样性指标所占权重最大,说明耕地开发对生物多样性影响较大。8个指标中,核心的指标依次为土地利用系数(权重0.223),有机质含量(权重0.160),生物多样性和景观破碎化(权重0.151)。因此,在以后此类耕地开发中的环境影响评价中,应突出上述主要特征因子的识别与评价、监测等内容。

Through the data collection, field investigation and monitoring, expert consultation, literature study and other methods, this paper constructed the ecological impact index system of farmland reserve resources in Sanjiang Plain, and made the assessment. The research results showed that exploitation of farmland reserve resources in Sanjiang Plain had certain impacts on soil, water, land use, biological production ability and biological diversity, the proportions of criterion layer soil, water resources, land use, biological production ability and biological diversity are 0.267, 0.178, 0.223, 0.332 separately, the proportions are biological production ability and biological diversity are the greatest, showing that farmland exploitation exploitation had the greatest impacts on the biological diversity. Among 8 indexes, the core indexes are land use coefficient （weight 0.223）, organic matter contents （weight 0.160）, biological diversity and landscape fragmentation （weight 0.151）. Therefore, in the environmental impact assessment of this type of farmland exploitation in the future, the identification and assessment, monitoring and other contents of the above main characteristic factors shall be emphasized.