新疆2015年食源性疾病诺如病毒感染状况分析

Analysis of norovirus infection status in food-borne disease at 2015 in Xinjiang

目的了解2015年新疆食源性疾病中诺如病毒的感染状况及基因组型别分布,为食源性疾病中诺如病毒的预防控制提供依据。方法 2015年新疆8家哨点医院的1 033例食源性疾病患者为监测对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR法进行诺如病毒核酸检测。结果 1 033份粪便标本中阳性74份,阳性率为7.16%。发病时间以5月-8月为高峰;8个开展监测的地区中以博州(23.33%)阳性率最高;年龄分布以3岁以下儿童组及20岁以上成人组所占比例较高,分别为39.19%和32.43%,发病人群男、女差异无统计学意义。GⅠ、GⅡ基因组构成比分别为12.16%和85.14%,GⅠ+GⅡ混合感染占2.7%。结论 2015年新疆地区食源性疾病中有近8%的患者是由诺如病毒感染引起,春末至夏季可能为流行高峰,3岁以下儿童和20岁以上成人为重点人群,流行株以GⅡ基因组为主。

Objective To realize the food-borne pathogen norovirus infection status and the distribution of norovirus genotype in 2015 in Xinjiang,so as to provide the scientific basis for clinical prevention and control of norovirus in food-borne disease.Methods 1 033 patients with food-borne disease were monitored from 8 sentinel hospitals in Xinjiang in 2015. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the norovirus. Results 74 samples were detected to be positive from the 1 033 stool samples,with the positive rate of 7. 16%. The peak season of norovirus was from May to August; Bozhou showed the highest positive detection rate（ 23. 33%） compared with the other 7 monitored regions. The children under 3 years old and adult 〉20 years old displayed higher positive detection rate of 39. 19% and 32. 43%,respectively. There was no statistical significance on the difference between male and female. Genotype G Ⅰ and G Ⅱ accounted for 12. 16% and 85. 14% respectively,and mixed infection of GⅠ and GⅡ accounted for 2. 7%. Conclusion Norovirus caused nearly 8% food-borne diseases patients in 2015 in Xinjiang; the epidemic peak period of norovirus might from late spring to summer. Children under 3 years old and adult over 20 years old were high-risk population of norovirus,and the genotype GⅡ is predominant among epidemic strains.