2009年-2014年五地区公共场所嗜肺军团菌环境污染现况调查

Investigation of Legionella pneumophila contamination in public places of five districts in China from 2009 to 2014

目的调查公共场所嗜肺军团菌的污染现况。方法 2009年-2014年选取北京市丰台区、南京市、常州市、无锡市和深圳市的公共场所,采集冷却水、淋浴水、自来水、景观水、景观土、空调风管内壁积尘、冷却塔旁土、花卉土、气溶胶,采用巢式PCR法检测样品中的嗜肺军团菌。结果气溶胶、冷却水、自来水、淋浴水、景观水、冷却塔旁土、空调风管内壁积尘、景观土和花卉土的嗜肺军团菌阳性检出率分别为26.6%(129/485)、81.4%(92/113)、17.2%(17/99)、36.4%(39/107)、24.1%(7/29)、51.6%(16/31)、33.8%(46/136)、38.9%(7/18)和24.7%(37/150)。五地区公共场所环境中嗜肺军团菌阳性总检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.907,P=0.063)。结论我国公共场所普遍存在嗜肺军团菌污染。分析不同时间、不同地区嗜肺军团菌污染水平特征,为环境中嗜肺军团菌的污染特征、扩散传播途径研究以及风险预警手段和卫生管理措施制定等提供数据基础。

Objective To investigate the contamination condition of Legionella pneumophila in public places. Methods Public places were chosen as study sites from Fengtai district of Beijing,Nanjing,Changzhou,Wuxi and Shenzhen during 2009-2014. The cooling water,tap water,shower water,fountain water and soil,inner surface dust of air conditioner duct,soil nearby cooling tower,potting mix,aerosol samples of public places were collected and conducted for the determination of Legionella pneumophila by nested-PCR. Results The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in aerosol,cooling water,tap water,showering water,fountain water,soil nearby cooling tower,inner surface dust of air conditioner duct,soil nearby fountain and potting mix of public building were respectively 26. 6%（ 129 /485）,81. 4%（ 92 /113）,17. 2%（ 17 /99）,36. 4%（ 39 /107）,24. 1%（ 7 /29）,51. 6%（ 16 /31）,33. 8%（ 46 /136）,38. 9%（ 7 /18） and 24. 7%（ 37 /150）. There was no statistical significance on the differences in the positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in the public places of 5 different districts（ χ2= 8. 907,P = 0. 063）. Conclusion There is Legionella pneumophila contamination in public places of China. The characteristics of Legionella pneumophila contamination at different time in different areas are analyzed,so as to provide data foundation for the study on contamination characterization and transmission route and for the development of early warning technology and health management measure of Legionella pneumophila in the environment.