从农艺性状及化学成分测定分析远志药材商品品规和良种选育的合理性

Rationality of commodity criteria and traditional breeding of Polygala tenuifolia based on agronomic traits and determination of chemical components

通过对18份具有不同农艺性状特征的远志样品进行农艺性状(株高、根直径、根长、第一侧根分叉高度、侧根数、根重)分析,并采用HPLC对18份远志样品的3个指标性化学成分(细叶远志皂苷、远志酮Ⅲ、3,6'-二芥子酰基蔗糖)进行含量测定,最后通过散点图分析6个农艺性状与3个指标性化学成分的相关性。研究发现18份远志样品中的3个指标性化学成分含量与远志根直径均无明显相关性,且细叶远志皂苷含量与其余5个农艺性状也无明显相关性;远志酮Ⅲ在主根长较短、第一侧根分叉高度较短,侧根数较多的远志样品中含量较高;3,6'-二芥子酰基蔗糖在主根长较长的远志样品中含量较高。可见现行远志药材商品规格标准及等级划分与良种选育方法,并不符合优等药材其体内指标性化学成分含量较高的药典标准,所以急需制订出具有科学数据支撑的远志商品规格等级标准及良种选育方法。

The agronomic traits（ plant height,root diameter,root length,first lateral root height,lateral root amount,root weight）of 18 Polygala tenuifolia samples with different agronomic traits were analyzed,respectively. HPLC was used to analyze three main characteristic components including tenuifolin,polygalaxanthone Ⅲ,and 3,6＇-disinapoyl sucrose. At last,the correlation between six agronomic traits and three main characteristic components were analyzed by scatter plot. We found no significant correlation between root diameter and three main characteristic components. There were no obvious correlations between tenuifolin and the remaining five agronomic traits. Short root length and first lateral root height as well as high lateral root amount resulted in high levels of polygalaxanthone Ⅲ in P. tenuifolia samples. High levels of 3,6＇-disinapoyl sucrose were observed in P. tenuifolia samples with longer root. So,the current commodity criteria and traditional breeding of P. tenuifolia did not conform to pharmacopoeia standards,which excellent medicinal materials should have high contents of the main characteristic components. It was urgent to revise the current commodity criteria and breeding methods.