信息技术应用与劳动力市场极化

Information Technology Application and Labor Market Polarization

本文研究了工业4.0背景下信息技术与机器人大规模应用对高、中、低技能劳动的就业替代效应和就业创造效应。通过理论模型和世界银行企业数据实证研究表明,制造业信息化和机器人应用促进了我国劳动力市场极化,导致高技能劳动需求占比上升,而从事规则化任务的制造业中等技能劳动需求下降。由于高技能劳动与从事低端服务的低技能劳动互补,信息技术应用提升了低技能劳动需求占比。本文的研究结论还表明,低技术制造业信息化能够创造更多的高技能就业。最后,本文提出相应的政策建议,政府应该重视低技术制造业信息化程度的提升,避免采用行政化手段转移低技能服务业。

This paper studies the effect of information technology and robotics application on employment substitution and employment creation. Theoretical models and empirical studies using the World Bank Enterprise Data show that manufacturing informatization and robotics applications promote the labor market polarization increase the demand proportion of high - skilled labor, while decrease the demand of middle - skilled labor engaged in the rule task of manufacture. The application of information technology increases the proportion of low - skilled labor be- cause of complementary of high - skilled labor and low - skilled labor. This study also showed that manufacture in- formatization creates more highly skilled jobs of low - skilled manufacture industry. The government should pay more attention to low - skilled manufacturing to enhance the degree of informatization, avoid the administrative means to transfer low -skilled services.