甲硝唑的不良反应特点及其用药监护探讨

Literature analysis of adverse drug reactions of Metronidazole and drug monitoring

目的探讨甲硝唑的不良反应特点,为临床合理应用提供依据。方法检索2000年—2016年CNKI和万方数据库中关于甲硝唑不良反应的文献资料,整理并筛选甲硝唑不良反应的案例报告,按性别、年龄、给药途径、联合用药、用药原因、不良反应发生时间、临床表现、用药剂量、过敏史、预后进行归纳、分析。结果共检索到185例甲硝唑不良反应病例;甲硝唑的不良反应在21岁~60岁患者中发生较多,占99.68%;患者静脉滴注发生不良反应患者较多,占64.32%;甲硝唑不良反应患者的用药原因主要包括预防感染（术后）、牙周疾病和胃肠道感染,分别占24.32%,17.29%和15.14%;甲硝唑的不良反应多发生在用药3 d内,占85.96%;1例（0.54%）患者死亡。结论甲硝唑在临床使用时要注意不良反应的发生,加强用药监护。

Objective To study the regularity of adverse drug reactions of metronidazole, and provide reference for rational use of drugs. Methods Literatures on drug reactions of metronidazole were collected from CNKI and Wanfang database during 2000-2016. Included literatures were analyzed statistically in respect of gender, age, administration route, drug combination, primary disease, different doses, onset time of adverse drug reactions, manifestation. Results 185 eases were collected. Adverse drug reactions of metronidazole mostly occurred in 21-60 age group （99.68%）. Intravenous drip was main route of administration （64.32%）. The clinical symptoms mainly in the infection prevention（24.32% ）, periodontal disease（ 17.29% ）, gastrointestinal infection（ 15.14% ）. The onset of adverse drug reactions was usually within 3 days after administration （85.96%）. 1 case （0.54%） died. Conclusion We should pay more attention to the adverse drug reactions of metronidazole, and promote drug monitoring.