天基合成孔径激光雷达非合作目标成像系统设计与实验

Design and experiment of space borne synthetic aperture ladar for non-cooperative targets imaging system

合成孔径激光雷达是合成孔径技术在激光相干探测雷达领域的推广,相比传统合成孔径雷达具有更高的分辨率。相比机载、陆基等应用环境,空间没有大气湍流和机械振动,非常适合合成孔径激光雷达应用,而合成孔径激光雷达本身分辨率不随距离变化的优点,也利于空间大尺度距离探测。建立了对非合作目标进行高分辨率成像监测天基合成孔径激光雷达成像模型,对系统中关键参数进行分析,针对地球静止轨道上的目标进行了系统设计,提出系统实现工程化需要进一步突破的关键技术。结合理论分析,设计了缩比模型验证实验,利用转台模拟空间卫星间运动,得到了方位向分辨率1 mm的目标图像,证明了系统分析的合理性和该系统的实用性,对天基合成孔径激光雷达技术的推广具有一定意义。

Synthetic aperture ladar is a generalization of the synthetic aperture technique in the field of laser coherent detection with a higher resolution compared to the conventional synthetic aperture ladar. Compared with airborne and ground-based applications, there was no atmospheric turbulence and mechanical vibration in space. It＇s very suitable for the application of synthetic aperture ladar. At the same time, synthetic aperture ladar＇s advantages that the resolution doesn＇t change with distance change can also be conducive to large scale spatial distance detection. Non-cooperative target high resolution imaging model was established with analysis on the key parameters of the system and a geostationary orbit system was designed. The system engineering need further breakthrough key technology. Combined with theoretical analysis, a scaling model validation experiment was carried on with space satellite motion simulated by the turntable and the cross-range resolution of 1 mm was obtained, proving the practicability of the system analysis and rationality of the system. The space-based synthetic aperture ladar technology has great promotion in applications.