女性主义认同:理论、研究与实践

Feminist Identity: Theory,Research and Practice

在过去的三十多年中,女性主义认同发展理论一直是西方心理学研究中一个活跃的研究主题。女性主义认同是一种基于女性主义立场并自我标签为女性主义者的社会认同。基于Downing和Roush的女性主义认同发展理论,心理学研究者开发了FIS、FIDS、FIC等旨在评估女性主义认同发展阶段与水平的测量工具。研究表明,由于女性主义赋权女性挑战其生活及社会文化中的性别主义偏见,因此,女性主义认同发展能够有效地提升女性的自尊、自我效能感、主观幸福感,从而促进女性的身心健康。未来的女性主义认同研究应该重点致力于女性主义认同理论的完善和深化及研究方法论的变革,包括运用交错性范式与多元方法探讨不同性别、种族/民族、年龄、阶层等多元群体经验,使用追踪研究探讨女性主义认同发展的历程,以及致力于女性主义认同研究工具的本土化,从而推动我国女性主义认同研究的发展。

Feminst idenity development has been a lively subject of inquiry over the last three decades,paritcularly in the psychological research. Feminist identity is a individual’s group or social identity which endorses feminist values and self- labels themselves as feminists. Theorists have typically studied feminst identity development as a step wise process of coming to consciousness,grappling with and negotiating one’s embeddedness in patriarchy,and emerging with a renewed sense of commitment to resistance. Based on Downing and Roush’s（ 1985） feminist identity development theory,psychological researchers created three metrics including the Feminist Identity Scale,the Feminist Identity Development Scale,and the Feminist Identiy Composite. Feminist identity is theorized to be a powerful resource against the deterimental effects of sexism,which is associated with a growing list of positive outcomes. Future research should be concerned in theoretical refinement and methodological innovations,including emphasis on the model’s relevance to more diverse populations,integrating quantitative and qualitative methods,and appreciating the longitudinal studies and localization of measurements,aiming to the development of feminist identity research in China.