薄层色谱法分析苦豆子提取物中生物碱及黄酮类成分

Determination of alkaloids and flavonoids in the extract of Sophora alopecuroides by TLC

目的建立苦豆子提取物薄层质量标准。方法采用硅胶薄层色谱法对苦豆子提取物中的生物碱类活性成分进行鉴别,以甲苯-丙酮-甲醇-氨水(8∶3∶0.2∶0.5)为展开剂,显色剂为改良碘化铋钾试液,白光下检视;采用聚酰胺薄膜层析色谱法对苦豆子提取物中的黄酮类活性成分进行鉴别,以微乳液为展开剂,先喷2-APB,后喷聚乙二醇400进行显色,紫外灯366 nm下检视。结果苦豆子提取物的生物碱供试品色谱图中,在与苦参碱、槐果碱、槐定碱对照品色谱相应的位置上,均显相同的橙色斑点,分离度好;黄酮供试品色谱图中有很多斑点,但没有相对应的对照品。结论采用薄层色谱定性鉴别苦豆子提取物的主要生物碱成分为苦参碱、槐果碱、槐定碱;由于缺乏对照品,不能确定苦豆子提取物中的黄酮类成分具体是哪些物质。建立的薄层色谱方法简单易行,重现性好,为苦豆子提取物的质量标准提供了依据。

Objective To establish the quality standard of the extract of Sophora alopecuroides by TLC. Methods Used silica gel thin layer chromatography for the identification of alkaloids in the extract of Sophora alopecuroides,took Toluene-acetone-methanol-ammonia（ 8∶ 3∶ 0. 2∶ 0. 5） as the agent,and modified bismuth potassium iodide solution as chromogenic agent,then observed under the white light. And the flavonoids in the extract of Sophora alopecuroides were identified by polyamide thin film chromatography,With microemulsion as the agent,firstly sprayed 2-APB,then sprayed polyethylene glycol 400 for color rendering,and observed under the UV-366 nm. Results The Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides extract samples in the chromatogram show the same orange spots corresponding to the positions of control samples of matrine,sophocarpine and sophoridine,which indicates better degree of separation for them,however there are many spots in the chromatogram of flavonoids,which are no corresponding controls. Conclusion From the above,a thin layer chromatography method was better to use for identifying the alkaloids and flavonoids in the extract of Sophora alopecuroides,and the main alkaloids are matrine,sophocarpine and sophoridine; but due to lack of corresponding controls,the specific substances of the flavonoids of Sophora alopecuroides extract can not be determined. The TLC method is easy to operate with good reproducibility,which provided the basis for the quality standard of the extract of Sophora alopecuroides.