汉语新词语“神X”的构式语法研究

A Construction Grammar Approach to Chinese Neologism “Shen X”

随着社会的发展,近年来在各大新闻媒体网站和微博出现了一类汉语新词汇"神X",比如神回复、神救场、神逻辑、神准等新表达。目前,不少学者从构式语法角度解析了各种汉语新词汇的认知机制,但是通过文献检索发现只有三篇文章关注了"神X"新构式,且都只从语用层面浅析了这一构式。因此笔者试图从构式语法角度分析这一异常的或边缘性的新兴语言现象,解读其句法结构、构式语音语义特征以及构式形成的认知机制,即构式和组成成分的互动关系和社会文化因素压制。通过语料分析发现此构式具有独特的句法结构和语音语义结构,并且在构式压制、词汇压制以及社会文化因素压制的情况下,逐渐成为现代汉语的一个独立的构式,为人们所接受。

With the development of society,there has emerged a kind of neologism ＂shen X＂ in various news web- sites and blogs recently, such as ＂shen huifu＂, ＂shen jiuchang＂, ＂shen luoji＂ and ＂shen zhun＂. Currently, many research- ers have explored cognitive mechanism of different Chinese new words from the perspective of Construction Grammar. But few studies focused on new construction ＂shen X＂. The only three articles have just discussed this construction in terms of pragmatics. Therefore, this paper will analyze this abnormal and peripheral language phenomenon. Its syntactic, phonologi- cal and semantic features will be explained, as well as cognitive mechanism, that is to say, the interaction between con- struction and its components, and socio-cultural coercion. It is found that the construction gets its special syntactic, phono- logical and semantic features. And it has been accepted as a result of the interaction between construction coercion, lexical coercion and socio-cuhural coercion.