明清以来丰都城市祠庙演变探究

On the Evolution of Fengdu Temple since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

丰都“鬼神”文化的根基在平都山，祠庙为主要载体，而城市祠庙的发展演变又不断丰富着平都山庙宇体系。明清以来，城市祠庙经历了明初、清初、清末（同治年间）、民国四次发展高潮，并逐步向城东、城西、山下聚集，向城东聚集祠庙逐步纳入到平都山祠庙体系，从而形成了官方祭祀的两大区域：即以文教类（儒教）祠庙为主的城西与以自然神祗为主的城东（平都山脚）。这些特点是由战争、灾祸、经济发展、地理环境、祭祀便利性等决定的。

The foundation of Fengdu ＂ghosts＂ culture is in Ping Du Shan. The development and evolve- ment of the city temple and constantly enrich the temple system of Ping Du Shan. Since the Ming and Qing Dy- nasties, the temple in city experienced the four upsurge of development, the early Ming Dynasty, the early Qing Dynasty, the late Qing Dynasty （Tongzhi）, the Republic of China, gradually to the East and West, the foot of the mountain together, to the east of the aggregation temple gradually into Ping Du Shan temple system. So the formation of the two major regions of the official worship is the culture and Education （Confucianism） of temple in West and the natural God of temple in East （ the fiat foot of Ping Du Shan）. These features are de- termined by the war, disaster, economic development, geographical environment, and other factors, such as the convenience of sacrifice.