顶部竖井隧道自然通风排烟实验的设计与实践

Design and practice on experiment of tunnel natural ventilation and smoke evacuation in vertical shafts

以某顶部竖井自然通风隧道为原型,自主研发了110缩比例隧道模型实验平台,开展多竖井隧道自然通风排烟实验,观察不同顶部竖井设计工况的排烟效果,并测量烟气逆流距离、纵向温度分布、顶棚附近烟气最高温度、烟气纵向扩散速率和烟气的沉降速率,为顶部竖井的优化分析提供数据支持。教学实践表明,采用正交试验法设计实验工况,既减少了实验工作量,又保证了实验结果的有效性,同时帮助学生深刻理解顶部竖井自然通风排烟的基本原理,培养了学生的团队合作和探索创新的能力。

Taking a real tunnel adopting natural ventilation in a vertical shaft as aprototype, an experimental platform for a 1：10 reduced-scale tunnel model is independently developed. The experiments of natural ventilation and smoke evacuation of the tunnel with vertical shafts are carried out, the efficiency of evacuation smoke in the vertical shafts is observed, and the back-layer distance, the longitudinal temperature, the maximum smoke temperature, the longitudinal propagation velocity and the sedimentation velocity are measured so as to provide experimental data for the optimization analysis of vertical shafts. The teaching practice proves that using the orthogonal experimental method to design the experiment can not only reduce the amount of experimental work, but also ensure the validity of experiments. At the same time, it can help the students to well understand the basic principle of natural ventilation and cultivate their cooperative ability for team work and their innovation ability during the experiment.