济南市居民膳食中汞暴露评估

Dietary mercury exposure assessment among population in Jinan

目的了解济南市居民主要食品中总汞污染现状,评估汞暴露风险。方法对2010—2012年济南市谷类、蔬菜类、菌藻类、畜肉类、禽肉类(鸡肝)、乳类、蛋类和水产品及其制品中的总汞含量进行监测;以2002年山东省居民营养与健康状况调查和JECFA 2010年制定的汞的暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)4μg/kg BW为参数,应用点评估法计算济南市居民膳食中汞暴露水平,并进行风险特征描述。结果共监测8类175份样品,总汞平均含量为19.01μg/kg,P50为9.00μg/kg,总检出率为97.14%(170/175),总超标率为8.57%(15/175)。8类食品均检出汞,水产品的检出率最低,为89.36%(42/47),鸡肝的总汞平均含量最高,达83.60μg/kg。济南市居民7类(除菌藻类)主要膳食中总汞每周平均暴露量为1.31μg/kg BW,占PTWI的32.75%。总汞贡献率较高的食品为谷类、蔬菜类及畜肉类,贡献率分别为28.24%、22.90%和22.14%,3类食品对居民膳食中汞的总贡献率为73.28%。结论济南市居民主要膳食中汞暴露水平在安全限值以内,通过膳食摄入汞风险较小。

Objective To investigate the overall dietary mercury contamination in main foods and assess the risk for Jinan residents. Methods Surveillance on mercury contents in grains,vegetables,edible fungi and algae,livestock and poultry,dairy products,eggs and aquatic products was conducted in Jinan from 2010 to 2012. According to the average food intake of Shandong residents and the mercury PTWI 4 μg / kg BW in food established by JECFA in 2010,the point assessment method was applied to assess the exposure risk for local residents and to describe the characteristics of the risks. Results 175 food samples of 8 kinds were tested. The average mercury contents were 19. 01 μg / kg,and the 50-（th） percentile（ P50） was 9. 00 μg / kg. The total detection rate was 97. 14% and the violation rate was 8. 57%. The mercury was detected in all samples and the detection rate in aquatic products was the lowest（ 89. 36%）. The mercury content in chicken liver was the highest（ 83. 60 μg / kg）. The average weekly mercury intake from food in Jinan was estimated to be 1. 31 μg / kg BW,accounted for 32. 75% of PTWI. Grains,vegetables and livestock meat together contributed 73. 28% to the total dietary mercury intake. Conclusion The level of dietary mercury exposure from food in Jinan was within safety limit.