技术进步偏向性跨国传递效应:模型演绎与经验证据

Transnational Transfer Effect of Technical Change Direction: Model Deduction and Empirical Evidence

当前中国技术进步方向及其偏向强度已成为经验文献关注的焦点,然而,前沿研究并未重视这种技术进步偏向性的来源及其背后的成因。本文从技术进步偏向性跨国传递入手,引入自主研发和技术引进部门,构建技术进步偏向性跨国传递模型,演绎技术进步偏向性从发达国家向发展中国家的内在传递机制,数值模拟技术进步偏向性跨国传递路径的动态变化过程。结果发现:1在技术进步跨国传递过程中,技术进步偏向性方向和强度均可能发生变化,要素投入结构在其中发挥决定性作用,正是两国要素投入结构的非匹配性,使发展中国家改变技术应用过程中的要素投入结构,进而改变引进技术的偏向性方向和强度。2技术进步偏向性跨国传递的方向和强度受制于技术适配度,并呈现出门槛效应特征,其中,技术适配度决定发展中国家技术模仿和应用的程度,只有技术适配度高于某一临界值时,引入前沿技术才能优化国内的要素投入结构、提高技术应用空间和生产率。为此,一国在技术选择和引进过程中,不能仅关注技术的先进程度,更应重视技术进步偏向性变化及其与要素禀赋结构的适配性。

Technical progress direction and its strength in China has become a focus of the empirical literature. However, the source of directed technological change and its cause have not been taken attention seriously. From the view of biased technology progress transmission, this paper develops a biased technological progress transmission model by introducing both domestic innovation and technological imports, and describes the pass-through mechanism of biased technological progress from developed countries to developing countries, and simulate the dynamic process of path of biased technological progress transmission. It shows that the direction of technical change and strength of biased technical are both likely to change. The endowment structure play a decisive role in the transfer process from developed to developing countries, but the role and direction of the effect depends on the suitable degree of technology progress which make change of the structure of factor inputs in the process of changing technology applications in developing countries. The direction and the strength of biased technological progress transmission are subject to technical suitability which has threshold effect feature. When the suitable degree of technology progress with factor endowments is above the threshold, the introduction of capital biased technical will promote the upgrading of the endowment structure, thus contributing to technical progress biased toward the direction of their abundant elements, and eventually improve technology application space and productivity. Thus, a country needs to pay attention to the impact of biased technology progress when introducing advanced technology, and select the appropriate technologies matched with the local structure of factor endowments.