高铁建设能否重塑中国的经济空间布局--基于就业、工资和经济增长的区域异质性视角

Can High-Speed Rail Construction Reshape the Layout of China's Economic Space——Based on the Perspective of Regional Heterogeneity of Employment,Wage and Economic Growth

本文将"高铁建设"因素纳入新经济地理学的研究框架,构建了高铁建设对就业、工资和经济增长空间影响的理论模型,并运用PSM-DID方法对其进行了实证检验,结果显示:从全国层面看,高铁建设通过就业对高铁城市工资和经济增长产生的间接负效应均小于直接正效应,高铁建设对高铁城市的就业、工资和经济增长的总效应显著为正,其弹性系数分别为0.2067、0.1907和0.1491。从分地区和分城市规模相结合的层面看,高铁建设显著提升了东中部大型高铁城市的就业水平,特别是东部大型高铁城市的建筑业及高附加值行业、中部小型高铁城市的制造业及消费性服务业的就业;高铁建设给东部大型高铁城市带来的企业生产率增长效应显著,表现为高铁建设通过就业对该地区的工资和经济增长等间接效应均为正,但对中西部中、小型高铁城市的相应间接效应均为负,总体看,高铁建设主要扩大了东部大型高铁城市与非高铁城市之间的工资差距和东部中型高铁城市与非高铁城市之间的经济增长差距。该结果证实了本文理论推理的正确性,即高铁建设直接或间接地影响了地区就业、工资和经济增长空间,重塑了中国的经济空间,这为各地区进一步借助高铁建设拓展区域发展空间、促进地区就业和经济增长,因地制宜地制定相关政策提供了依据。

Based on the new economic geography theory, the article embeds high-speed rail construction factors into the research framework of space economic organization, and uses the PSM-DID method to carry out an empirical test. The results show that, from the national level, the indirect negative effect of high iron construction to the wage and economic growth generated by the employment effects is less than the direct positive effect, and the total effect of high iron construction to the wages and economic growth is significantly positive, the elastic coefficients were 0.2067, 0.1907 and 0.1491. From the sub regional and city scale, the construction of high-speed rail significantly enhance the large high iron city＇s employment in the eastern and central regions, especially the large high iron city＇s construction industry and high value-added manufacturing industries in the eastern regions and the small high iron city＇s employment of manufacturing industries and consumer services in the central area.Productivity growth effects of high-speed railway construction in the eastern large-scale high-speed rail exceeds the effect of convenience of inhabitants, and it shows that the indirect effects of high-speed rail construction on the region＇s wage and economic growth generated by jobs are positive, while the corresponding indirect effect is negative in medium and small sized high speed cities in central and western of China. Overall, the construction of high-speed rail mainly expands the wage gap between the eastern part of the large high-speed rail and no highspeed rail cities, and expands the eastern medium-sized cities economic growth gap between the high-speed rail and no high-speed rail cities. The result confirms the correctness of the theory of reasoning, that is, high-speed rail construction directly or indirectly affect the area of employment, wage and economic growth, reshaped the economic space, which provides the basis for the region by means of high-speed rail to further promote regional employment and economic growth, according to local conditions to develop relevant policies.