戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏联传媒体制的变迁--从改革工具到“第四权力”

The Changes of Soviet Media System in the Gorbachev Era: From Reform Tools to “the Fourth Power”

本文从政治与传媒互动的角度梳理了戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏联传媒体制变迁的过程,展示了传媒体制变迁与改革进程之间的高度契合性。本文认为,这一时期开始之初,苏联传媒是改革的工具,在这一时期结束之时,它成了"第四权力"。根源在于,在此期间苏联传媒所依托的政治制度、经济制度和意识形态发生了本质性变化。

The paper reviews the Soviet media system change in the Gorbachev era from the angle of interaction between the political and media,showing the high consilience between media system changes and reforms. This paper argues that start at the beginning of this period,the Soviet media is a tool for reform,at the conclusion of this period,ithas become 'the fourth power '. The root of it is that during this period essential changes in the Soviet political system,economic system and ideology,which the Soviet media depends on,have taken place.