失独者的孤独感现状及其影响因素

The Current Status of Loneliness and its Influencing Factors for Parents Who Lost Their Only Child

目的:探究失独者的孤独感现状及其影响因素,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法:采用自编的调查问卷、孤独量表(UCLA)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ),按自愿原则选取101名失独者为研究对象,评定101名失独者的孤独感现状和影响因素,以85名非失独者为对照。结果:失独组UCLA(51.94±8.69)明显高于非失独组UCLA(37.82±9.11),差异有统计学意义(p<0.001)。失独者的孤独感与健康状况、SDS得分呈正相关,与社会支持中的客观支持、主观支持及总分、自我效能感得分、积极应对方式呈负相关,以上影响因素相关分析均有统计学意义(p<0.01)。在多因素非条件Logistic回归分析中显示,抑郁、家庭收入是失独者孤独感的危险因素,客观支持是失独者孤独感的保护因子。结论:失独者孤独感水平普遍较高并受到多种因素影响,应有针对性地对失独者进行心理干预,提供有效的社会支持,缓解其抑郁症状,从而降低其孤独感,最终提高失独者心理健康水平。

Objective: To investigate the current status of loneliness and its influencing factors for parents who lost their only child, and to provide evidence for taking effective intervening measure. Method: Loneliness Scale( UCLA) 、 Social Support Scale( SSRS) 、 Self-rating depression scale( SSRS) 、 General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)、 Simplified Coping Style Questionnaires(SCSQ) were applied to surveying on 101 parents who lost their only child and investigate the current status of loneliness and its influencing factors. Results: It was indicated that the post-test scores on UCLA for loneliness group( 51.94 ±8.69) was significantly higher than the general population( 37.82 ±9.11). The scoring on UCLA was positively correlated with health status and the scoring on SDS, and negatively correlated with subjective support and objective support as well as total scores on social support, self-efficacy and positive coping style. Above factors are of statistical significance( p <0.01). Multiple factor non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of loneliness in parents who lost their only child were depression and household income, but subjective support was protective factor. Conclusion: The level of loneliness in parents who lost their only child was generally high and may be induced by multiple factors.It's time to perform targeted psychological intervention and effective social support to relieve depression symptoms,to reduce loneliness, and improve the level of mental health in parents who lost their only child.