新常态下中国企业转型升级的路径选择研究

A Study on the Choice of Transformation and Upgrading Path of Enterprises in the New Normal

新常态下,企业转型升级既面临着全要素生产率贡献度下降、劳动力成本上升、退出风险加剧、企业家创新能力不足等重大的挑战,也面临着人力资本红利释放、质量溢价效应不断凸显等重要机遇。改变原有发展模式、积极适应新常态的宏观环境变化,是现有企业转型升级的总体路径选择。文章基于问卷调查数据,通过对样本企业转型升级面临的障碍和转型升级内在潜力分析发现,企业家精神培育、研发投入、商标和品牌建设、人力资本培养是影响企业转型升级绩效的主要因素。实现企业转型升级必须实现从制度型企业家到创新型企业家的根本转变,走质量竞争型道路,着力提升企业质量品牌能力,加快形成企业人力资本红利,持续加大技术创新投入等方面不断调整来适应新常态经济发展。

With the new normal, transforming and upgrading enterprises have been facing both contributions of total factors for productivitydecline, and rising labor costs. Because of exiting raises the risk, entrepreneurs＇ innovation capability contains majorchallenges, such as inadequate, but also faces human capital dividend releases. The premium quality effect is obvious with other importantopportunities. To change development patterns and to adapt to the new changes actively in the macro-environment of normal situationare general paths for transforming and upgrading existed enterprises. Based on the survey data, through the transforming andupgrading enterprises, which face obstacles, as well as the analysis of transforming and upgrading potential inherent, there are fourmain factors affecting the performances of transformation and upgrades, including entrepreneurship training, research and developmentinvestment, trademarks and brand-building, human resources training. The paths for enterprises＇ transformation and upgrade ought tostart from a fundamental change in the system of entrepreneurs to innovative entrepreneurs, taken the road of quality competitive, investedin quality brands, developed human capital dividend, increased investment in technological innovation and constantly adjusted toaccommodate the new normal economic development.